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Steelhead

Steelhead

Steelhead in Vermont are the anadromous (lake-run) form of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) that migrate from the Great Lakes system into Vermont's tributaries.

These chrome-bright fish are distinguished from their resident rainbow trout cousins by their silvery coloration and larger size.

Vermont's steelhead are not native but were established through extensive stocking programs, particularly of steelhead parr in tributaries like Lewis Creek.

Scientific Name: Oncorhynchus mykiss

Physical Characteristics:
  • Often ranging from 18-24 inches with some reaching over 30 inches.
  • Distinguished by their silvery coloration and larger size compared to resident rainbow trout.

What to know

Habitat Distribution

  • They spend their adult lives in the deep, cold waters of Lake Champlain and Lake Memphremagog before returning to rivers and streams to spawn.
  • Found primarily in tributaries of Lake Champlain and Lake Memphremagog.

Key Locations

  • Lewis Creek, the Winooski River (lower section), Lamoille River (lower section), and Willoughby River which flows into Lake Memphremagog.
  • Lewis Creek in North Ferrisburgh is one of the most popular destinations, fishable from Route 7 bridge upstream to the falls.

Specific Spots

  • Focus on areas with current breaks, undercut banks, and deeper holes.
  • Target deeper pools and runs of tributaries.

Steelhead FAQ

Answers from onWater's species guide.

What are the best lures and bait for Steelhead in Vermont?

Small spoons, spinners, and e.g.g patterns. Spawn bags, beads, and jigs for bottom-bouncing techniques.

What flies work for Steelhead in Vermont?

Pink San Juan worms, black beadhead Kaufman stoneflies, e.g.g patterns, red copper johns, and white woolly buggers. Streamers and spoons for aggressive presentations.

When is the best time to fish for Steelhead in Vermont?

Vermont steelhead fishing is most productive during fall (September-November) and spring (March-May), with peak spring activity in mid-to-late April. Steelhead typically enter Vermont rivers during fall runs (September through November) and spring runs (March through May).

How do you catch Steelhead in Vermont?

Nymphing under indicators is highly effective - use 2.2 raven floats in moderate flows or 3.8 raven floats in higher water. Some anglers fish trout beads above nymph patterns for additional attraction.

What do Steelhead eat?

Feed opportunistically on zooplankton, aquatic insects (particularly chironomid pupae, hydropsychid caddisfly larvae, and baetid mayfly nymphs), small fish, crustaceans, and fish e.g.gs.

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