Cold Springs Reservoir sits in north-central Oregon approximately two miles southeast of Hermiston, within the Cold Springs National Wildlife Refuge. Established by President Theodore Roosevelt in 1909 as one of the first refuges in the West, this 3,102-acre refuge encompasses a blend of open water, managed wetland, riparian, grassland, and shrub-steppe habitats. The reservoir overlays a Bureau of Reclamation water storage facility and has a holding capacity of 38,000 acre-feet. Uniquely, it draws from three water sources: Cold Springs Creek, a gravity-fed canal system from the Umatilla River, and water pumped through a canal system from the Columbia River (used infrequently during low-water years). Cold Springs Creek feeds the reservoir through a 26-mile feed canal that operates from November 1st until the reservoir fills or Umatilla River flows drop below target levels. The reservoir attracts large numbers of waterfowl and provides diverse habitat for numerous wildlife species, creating an often-overlooked gem within the National Wildlife Refuge System.