Smallmouth Buffalo
The Smallmouth Buffalo is a robust, stocky fish native to South Dakota's major river systems, particularly the Missouri River drainage.
They're highly valued commercially and recreationally, known for their strong fighting ability and excellent table fare with firm, white flesh.
Scientific Name: Ictiobus bubalus
- Distinguished from other buffalo species by its downward-facing inferior mouth and more compressed body with a higher dorsal arch, this species can reach impressive sizes of up to 30 pounds and 40+ inches, with some specimens living over 60 years.
Fishing in South Dakota
James River
Richmond Lake
Lake Parmley
Willow Creek Lake
Elm River
North Scatterwood Lake
Elm Lake
Amsden Lake
Columbia Road Reservoir
South Scatterwood Lake
What to know
Habitat Distribution
- Native to South Dakota's major river systems, particularly the Missouri River drainage.
- In South Dakota, they inhabit the Missouri River reservoirs and larger tributaries.
Key Locations
- Missouri River reservoirs including Lake Oahe, Lake Sharpe, Lake Francis Case, and Lewis and Clark Lake, as well as larger tributaries.
Specific Spots
- Fish the major reservoirs focusing on deeper pools, backwaters, and areas with current breaks around structure.
- They prefer deeper waters during the day, moving to shallower areas at night to feed over muddy or silty bottoms with abundant vegetation.
Smallmouth Buffalo FAQ
Answers from onWater's species guide.
What flies work for Smallmouth Buffalo in South Dakota?
Use carp-style patterns including crayfish imitations, nymphs (sizes 8-10), woolly buggers, and scud patterns in brown, olive, and natural colors, with brighter patterns like pink and chartreuse in stained water.
When is the best time to fish for Smallmouth Buffalo in South Dakota?
Best fishing occurring from May through September when water temperatures are stable. Spring and fall offer the most consistent action, while summer fishing is best during dawn and dusk periods.
How do you catch Smallmouth Buffalo in South Dakota?
Use bottom-fishing techniques, drift fishing, still fishing, bait casting, and fly fishing methods. Present baits on or near the bottom where these fish actively feed.
What do Smallmouth Buffalo eat?
These bottom-feeders are detritivores that consume zooplankton, insect larvae (especially chironomids and mayflies), small crustaceans, mollusks including Asiatic clams, algae, and organic detritus.
Where do Smallmouth Buffalo live in South Dakota?
Native to South Dakota's major river systems, particularly the Missouri River drainage. In South Dakota, they inhabit the Missouri River reservoirs and larger tributaries.
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