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Shortnose Gar

Shortnose Gar

Shortnose Gar are native to South Dakota waters and represent an ancient, primitive freshwater species with a distinctive prehistoric appearance.

The species has shown persistence over 25+ years in South Dakota waters, with documented presence in multiple river systems.

Scientific Name: Lepisosteus platostomus

Physical Characteristics:
  • They have elongated, torpedo-like bodies covered in interlocking rhomboidal ganoid scales that create protective armor, brown to olive green coloration on their backs fading to yellowish sides and white bellies, and elongated heads with a single row of sharp, conical teeth.
  • Distinguished from other gar species by their shorter snout (only 5.5 times as long as its narrowest width) and lack of distinctive markings.
  • They can reach up to 88cm (35 inches).

What to know

Habitat Distribution

  • In South Dakota, they inhabit warm-water habitats including the Missouri River system, James River, and associated backwaters and impoundments.

Key Locations

  • Focus on Missouri River backwaters, James River systems, oxbow lakes, and large quiet pools.

Specific Spots

  • They prefer slow-moving or calm waters including backwaters, oxbow lakes, large quiet pools, and areas near vegetation or submerged logs.
  • Target areas with minimal vegetation.

Shortnose Gar FAQ

Answers from onWater's species guide.

What are the best lures and bait for Shortnose Gar in South Dakota?

Effective lures include cut bait (especially fish), live minnows, spoons, and spinner baits.

What flies work for Shortnose Gar in South Dakota?

Standard flies include 6-9 inch patterns with white nylon fibers, mylar tubing, and flash materials.

When is the best time to fish for Shortnose Gar in South Dakota?

Target during summer months and warmer periods when they're most active. Spawning occurs in spring (April-June) when water temperatures reach 16-21°C (61-70°F) - avoid targeting during this period.

How do you catch Shortnose Gar in South Dakota?

Employ ambush fishing techniques: cast baitfish-imitation lures near surfacing gar but not too close, let the lure remain motionless with only occasional twitches, and maintain patience as gar move slowly and deliberately toward bait.

What do Shortnose Gar eat?

Shortnose Gar are ambush predators feeding primarily on fish once they reach 1.25 inches in length, though they also consume crayfish, insects, and other invertebrates - eating more invertebrates than any other gar species. Young gar feed on insect larvae, small crustaceans, and zooplankton.

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