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Burbot

Burbot

Burbot are the only freshwater member of the cod family and are native to South Dakota's Missouri River system, where they represent an apex predator species.

Scientific Name: Lota lota

Physical Characteristics:
  • These unique fish have an elongated, eel-like body with a single chin barbel (whisker), two dorsal fins, and mottled brown coloration with leopard-like patterns.
  • Adult burbot are long-lived, late-maturing fish that can reach impressive sizes.

What to know

Habitat Distribution

  • In South Dakota, burbot are primarily found in the Missouri River and its reservoirs, particularly Lake Oahe.
  • They occupy deep, cold waters and are benthic fish that prefer temperatures below 15-18°C, often moving to depths over 180-200 feet in summer.

Key Locations

  • In South Dakota, burbot are primarily found in the Missouri River and its reservoirs, particularly Lake Oahe where they were stocked by hatchery programs.
  • Target the Missouri River system, particularly areas below Garrison Dam and throughout Lake Oahe.

Specific Spots

  • Target depths of 15-20 feet during winter near structure like reefs, bars, humps, or rocky areas, particularly in areas adjacent to deeper water.
  • In summer, fish much deeper waters of 180+ feet.
  • Focus on transition areas where depths change from 180 to 165 feet, and areas with cobble and gravel bottoms.

Burbot FAQ

Answers from onWater's species guide.

What are the best lures and bait for Burbot in South Dakota?

Phosphorescent (glow) lures are crucial - prime options include glow jigs, heavy jigging spoons, and Trout-N-Pout spoons by Big Nasty Tackle in green glow or red glow colors. Re-charge glow lures every 10-15 minutes with a flashlight.

When is the best time to fish for Burbot in South Dakota?

The prime time for burbot fishing in South Dakota is during winter months, particularly late February through March during their pre-spawn and spawn periods. In summer, fish much deeper waters of 180+ feet where they retreat to stay cool.

How do you catch Burbot in South Dakota?

The most effective technique is aggressive bottom-pounding with heavy jigs (3/4 to 1+ ounce) to create noise and kick up sediment. Present baits by dropping to bottom, then lift 2-4 feet and let crash back down repeatedly. When fish appear on electronics, dance the lure on bottom or slowly lift it 1-2 feet.

What do Burbot eat?

Burbot are voracious predators feeding on virtually any available fish species including longnose suckers, whitefishes, sculpins, and even other burbot, along with crayfish and invertebrates.

Where do Burbot live in South Dakota?

In South Dakota, burbot are primarily found in the Missouri River and its reservoirs, particularly Lake Oahe. They occupy deep, cold waters and are benthic fish that prefer temperatures below 15-18°C, often moving to depths over 180-200 feet in summer.

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