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Flathead Catfish

Flathead Catfish

Flathead Catfish are large, predatory catfish that are considered non-native invasive species in North Carolina, introduced in the mid-1960s initially to the Cape Fear River with 11 adults.

Although native to the New River basin, they've been widely introduced to Atlantic slope rivers and have caused significant declines in native bullhead species, white catfish, and sunfish populations throughout North Carolina waters, making them a management concern despite their popularity as trophy sportfish.

Scientific Name: Pylodictis olivaris

Physical Characteristics:
  • Large, predatory catfish with broad, flat heads, protruding lower jaws, and yellowish to purplish-brown coloration with black mottling.

What to know

Habitat Distribution

  • Widely introduced to Atlantic slope rivers in North Carolina, though native to the New River basin.

Key Locations

  • Neuse, Tar, Yadkin, Cape Fear, Haw, Deep, and Lumber rivers, plus lakes like Badin, Kerr, and Sutton.
  • Cape Fear River is particularly productive.

Specific Spots

  • Target deeper holes, brush piles, log jams, undercut banks, creek mouths, neck-down areas, and sandbar dropoffs.
  • Prefer deep pools near submerged logs, brush piles, undercut banks, and woody debris in slow current areas, unlike blue catfish that prefer faster water.
  • In April, try shallow bays in lakes where warmer water attracts pre-spawn fish.

Flathead Catfish FAQ

Answers from onWater's species guide.

What are the best lures and bait for Flathead Catfish in North Carolina?

Large bluegill, sunfish, suckers, shad, eels, small catfish, or crayfish - all live bait. Flatheads rarely take traditional catfish baits like chicken liver or stink baits, requiring live fish presentations.

When is the best time to fish for Flathead Catfish in North Carolina?

Best: August through October (post-spawn feeding), March through May (pre-spawn action). Most difficult: June-July (spawning period). Winter (December-March): extremely lethargic in 40°F water.

How do you catch Flathead Catfish in North Carolina?

Carolina rigs with 12-inch leaders work best for anchored fishing. Keep bait alive and active to create vibrations that attract flatheads. Use live bait almost exclusively.

What do Flathead Catfish eat?

Apex predators that feed almost exclusively on live fish (99% of biomass in Cape Fear River), including shad, herring, sunfish, other catfish, and even American Shad.

Where do Flathead Catfish live in North Carolina?

Widely introduced to Atlantic slope rivers in North Carolina, though native to the New River basin.

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