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Brook Trout

Brook Trout

Brook Trout are non-native to Montana, introduced from eastern North America in 1889.

Technically a char rather than a true trout, they are found throughout the western two-thirds of Montana in all major drainages, particularly in small, cold headwater streams and spring-fed ponds.

Scientific Name: Salvelinus fontinalis

Physical Characteristics:
  • They're distinguished by their olive-green backs with distinctive vermiculation (wavy, worm-like patterns), red and yellow spots with blue halos, and white-edged fins with black trim.
  • In Montana, brook trout typically measure 6-12 inches, though trophy specimens up to 9 pounds have been taken in Montana waters.

What to know

Habitat Distribution

  • Found throughout the western two-thirds of Montana in all major drainages, particularly in small, cold headwater streams and spring-fed ponds.

Key Locations

  • Notable locations include the Big Hole River south of Butte, occasional appearances in the Yellowstone River, and various private lakes that hold larger specimens.
  • Private ranch ponds around Montana offer opportunities for larger brook trout, particularly in September-October.

Specific Spots

  • Target small, cold headwater streams, spring-fed ponds, and areas with structure like boulders, fallen logs, and undercut banks.
  • In lakes, focus on drop-offs where cold streams enter, pocket water, and deep pools.

Brook Trout FAQ

Answers from onWater's species guide.

What are the best lures and bait for Brook Trout in Montana?

Small lures like Rooster Tails and Mepps Aglia spinners in gold or silver. Live bait such as worms and small minnows work well.

What flies work for Brook Trout in Montana?

Effective fly patterns include Adams, Elk Hair Caddis, Pheasant Tail nymphs, Woolly Buggers, and Muddler Minnows.

When is the best time to fish for Brook Trout in Montana?

Brook trout fishing in Montana is best from late April through June and again in September-October when temperatures are cooler. September and early October offer prime fishing when brook trout are colored up in their spawning splendor, though spawning periods should be avoided to protect reproduction.

How do you catch Brook Trout in Montana?

Use light tackle and subtle presentations to avoid spooking them. During September-October, they'll aggressively take hopper patterns even when poorly presented.

What do Brook Trout eat?

Brook trout are opportunistic feeders, eating aquatic insects (particularly ephemeroptera and trichoptera), small invertebrates, and larger individuals become voracious predators on other fish and even their own young.

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