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Northern Hogsucker

Northern Hogsucker

The Northern Hogsucker is a distinctive member of the sucker family (Catostomidae) found throughout Illinois, though they serve as excellent indicators of water quality.

Scientific Name: Hypentelium nigricans

Physical Characteristics:
  • Easily recognizable by their large, concave-shaped head with protruding lips covered in small bumps (papillae), large fan-like pectoral fins, and unique pigmentation pattern of five dark bands or saddles along the back with dark speckles across the body.
  • Adults typically measure 8-15 inches (150-300mm), with females growing larger than males.
  • Their flattened body and large pectoral fins help them maintain position in strong currents.
  • Specimens up to 500mm found in larger rivers.

What to know

Habitat Distribution

  • Prefer high to moderate gradient streams with gravel or cobble substrate and require clear creeks and rivers with permanent flow and little silt.

Key Locations

  • Most common in northeastern regions (outside Chicago urban area) and east-central Illinois, with populations also present in some Shawnee National Forest streams, but they're much less common or absent in western and southern areas due to siltation and channelization.

Specific Spots

  • Target clear, fast-flowing streams with gravel or cobble bottoms, particularly larger-sized creeks and small rivers.
  • Look for riffle areas where they root around in substrate.
  • They often rest on shallow gravel beds or rocks.

Northern Hogsucker FAQ

Answers from onWater's species guide.

What are the best lures and bait for Northern Hogsucker in Illinois?

Red worms or nightcrawlers on small hooks being the preferred choice. Small soft plastic lures like Mini Trout Magnet can work when perfectly placed. Half a nightcrawler on small hooks.

When is the best time to fish for Northern Hogsucker in Illinois?

Avoid fishing during their late spring spawning period (typically May). They prefer the deeper holes and current breaks during winter months.

How do you catch Northern Hogsucker in Illinois?

Live bait is the most effective approach. Cast upstream and drift bait naturally with the current. Anchoring bait lightly on the bottom with minimal weight is more effective than free-drifting.

What do Northern Hogsucker eat?

They feed on aquatic invertebrates including insect larvae, crustaceans (freshwater shrimp and scuds), mollusks (small snails and mussels), and bits of vegetation by aggressively flipping over rocks and sifting through substrate.

Where do Northern Hogsucker live in Illinois?

Prefer high to moderate gradient streams with gravel or cobble substrate and require clear creeks and rivers with permanent flow and little silt.

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