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Black Buffalo

Black Buffalo

Black Buffalo (Ictiobus niger) are native freshwater fish in Illinois, inhabiting major rivers throughout the state according to the Illinois Department of Natural Resources.

These robust fish are considered common and native, swimming in schools and showing a preference for deeper, faster-moving waters than other buffalo species.

Scientific Name: Ictiobus niger

Also known as current buffalo

Physical Characteristics:
  • These robust fish have a distinctive sickle-shaped dorsal fin, dark olive to slate colored fins, and a compressed, nearly round body that's more slender than other buffalo species.
  • Adults can reach 37 inches in length and weigh up to 28.7 kg, with their back and sides appearing brown or black with a copper-and-green sheen.
  • They have small, horizontal mouths.

What to know

Habitat Distribution

  • Inhabiting major rivers throughout the state, preferring areas with strong currents and deep waters.
  • They show a preference for deeper, faster-moving waters than other buffalo species.

Key Locations

  • Major Illinois rivers like the Mississippi, Illinois, Kaskaskia, Little Wabash, and Wabash rivers.

Specific Spots

  • Fish areas with strong currents, particularly around deeper pools, backwaters, and areas with muddy or sandy bottoms.
  • Look for outside bends, side channels, and areas near submerged structures.

Black Buffalo FAQ

Answers from onWater's species guide.

What are the best lures and bait for Black Buffalo in Illinois?

Natural baits that match their diet - corn, dough balls, small pieces of worms, or algae-based baits work best. Small amounts of corn or boilie-type baits.

When is the best time to fish for Black Buffalo in Illinois?

The best fishing occurs during warmer months when water temperatures are between 60-75°F, but avoid the April-June spawning period.

How do you catch Black Buffalo in Illinois?

Bottom-fishing techniques, bowfishing particularly at night in shallow waters. Be patient - strikes are often subtle.

What do Black Buffalo eat?

They're generalist bottom feeders with a varied diet including clams, crustaceans, small aquatic invertebrates, algae, insect larvae, plankton, vegetation, and small mollusks. Their feeding behavior is primarily benthic, sucking up food from the substrate with their small, horizontal mouths.

Where do Black Buffalo live in Illinois?

Inhabiting major rivers throughout the state, preferring areas with strong currents and deep waters. They show a preference for deeper, faster-moving waters than other buffalo species.

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