Igarapé da Serra Pelada is a water body intrinsically linked to the historic and infamous Serra Pelada gold mine in southeastern Pará, Brazil. Once the epicenter of a massive gold rush in the 1980s, the area's mining legacy has fundamentally transformed the local hydrology and environment. The "igarapé," a term for a small stream or creek in the Amazon region, now flows into and is associated with a large, man-made lake that occupies the former open-pit mine. This lake, reaching depths of approximately 140 meters, is a permanent feature of the landscape but is severely compromised by decades of intensive mining activity.