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Alligator Gar

Alligator Gar

Alligator Gar are the largest freshwater fish species in Oklahoma and among the largest in North America. These prehistoric fish represent the western edge of their native range in Oklahoma.

Scientific Name: Atractosteus spatula

Physical Characteristics:
  • These prehistoric fish can reach over 7 feet long and weigh more than 254 pounds (the current Oklahoma state record).
  • They have long, cylindrical bodies with diamond-shaped ganoid scales, dark olive green coloration with white undersides, and distinctive crocodilian-shaped heads with dual rows of large, sharp teeth on the upper jaw.

What to know

Habitat Distribution

  • These ambush predators prefer slow-moving waters of rivers, bayous, and oxbows, and can survive in low-oxygen environments due to their ability to breathe air through a specialized swim bladder.
  • Oklahoma represents the western edge of their native range.

Key Locations

  • In Oklahoma, naturally reproducing populations are found primarily in Lake Texoma, the Red River, and its tributaries.
  • Target areas include Lake Texoma's river-reservoir interface, particularly the Red River arm's backwater areas and coves with woody vegetation and debris, as well as downstream sections of the Red River.

Specific Spots

  • Look for deep pools near shallow flats, areas with muddy or clay bottoms, and transition zones between deep and shallow water.
  • Target backwater areas and coves with woody vegetation and debris.

Alligator Gar FAQ

Answers from onWater's species guide.

What are the best lures and bait for Alligator Gar in Oklahoma?

Effective baits include cut carp, gizzard shad, smallmouth buffalo, and mullet on 4/0-5/0 hooks (treble hooks increase hookset success).

What flies work for Alligator Gar in Oklahoma?

Large streamers 6-8 inches long, though some controversy exists around rope flies.

When is the best time to fish for Alligator Gar in Oklahoma?

Summer months (June-August) when water temperatures are warmest. During spawning (early April through mid-June, primarily mid-May to early June in Oklahoma waters) when water temperatures exceed 70°F, anglers should avoid targeting them.

How do you catch Alligator Gar in Oklahoma?

Fish baits on the bottom using Carolina rigs or simple slip sinker setups. Juglines and trotlines are also highly effective passive methods. Sight fishing can be productive when gar are near the surface gulping air.

What do Alligator Gar eat?

Alligator Gar are opportunistic predators that feed primarily on fish including gizzard shad, common carp, river carpsucker, striped bass, smallmouth buffalo, and grass carp. They also consume birds, turtles, and small mammals.

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