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Gila Trout

Gila Trout

The Gila Trout is one of New Mexico's native trout species and among the rarest trout in the United States.

Scientific Name: Oncorhynchus gilae

Physical Characteristics:
  • These distinctive fish display a golden-yellow to copper coloration with small dark spots above the lateral line and a larger dark spot on the adipose fin.
  • They typically grow 13-23 cm in length, weighing 28-170 grams, though they can reach 17-18 inches in optimal conditions.

What to know

Habitat Distribution

  • Gila trout inhabit perennial montane streams between 5,400-9,200 feet elevation in coniferous and mixed woodland forests.
  • Currently, New Mexico hosts 21 pure populations across about 81 miles of habitat in the Gila and San Francisco watersheds.

Key Locations

  • Key fishing locations include Black Canyon, Willow Creek, Mineral Creek, Mogollon Creek, Whitewater Creek (Catwalk area), Sapillo Creek, and Lake Roberts.
  • The Catwalk National Recreation Area near Glenwood offers the most accessible fishing.
  • Mineral Creek near Alma offers self-sustaining populations for those willing to hike.

Specific Spots

  • Target undercut banks, pools behind boulders, areas beneath logjams, and any structure providing shade and cover.
  • Fish generally hold in the deepest available water.

Gila Trout FAQ

Answers from onWater's species guide.

What flies work for Gila Trout in New Mexico?

For dry flies, effective patterns include Elk Hair Caddis or X-Caddis (sizes 14-18), Parachute Adams, Stimulator (sizes 10-14), and Chubby Chernobyl (sizes 8-12). During late summer, terrestrial patterns like hoppers and ants in sizes 12-16 work well.

When is the best time to fish for Gila Trout in New Mexico?

Gila trout fishing is best during late spring through fall, avoiding the March-June spawning period.

How do you catch Gila Trout in New Mexico?

A dead drift presentation is crucial in these small streams requiring precise, tight casts.

What do Gila Trout eat?

These fish are insectivores, feeding primarily on dipterans, trichopterans, ephemeropterans, and coleopterans, plus terrestrial insects like ants and grasshoppers.

Where do Gila Trout live in New Mexico?

Gila trout inhabit perennial montane streams between 5,400-9,200 feet elevation in coniferous and mixed woodland forests. Currently, New Mexico hosts 21 pure populations across about 81 miles of habitat in the Gila and San Francisco watersheds.

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