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Redear Sunfish

Redear Sunfish

Redear Sunfish (Lepomis microlophus), commonly called "shellcrackers" for their ability to crush snails and mussels, are not native to Minnesota but have been widely introduced throughout the United States.

Scientific Name: Lepomis microlophus

Also known as shellcrackers

Physical Characteristics:

These medium-sized freshwater fish are distinguished by their distinctive red or orange margin on the gill flap (operculum), with males displaying bright red coloration and females showing orange.

They have laterally compressed bodies that are olive to dark green dorsally with yellow-green sides, and can reach lengths of 20-24 cm with maximum sizes up to 43 cm.

What to know

Habitat Distribution

These fish prefer warm, calm waters at least 2 meters deep with abundant vegetation, typically found in ponds, lakes, river backwaters, and reservoirs with sandy or muddy bottoms near cover like stumps, logs, and aquatic plants.

Specific Spots

Target deeper waters than you would for other sunfish - look for areas at least 6-10 feet deep near weed edges, drop-offs, rocky structures, stumps, and fallen timber where snails and mussels congregate. Focus on areas with moderate vegetation coverage rather than heavily matted weed beds.

Redear Sunfish FAQ

Answers from onWater's species guide.

What are the best lures and bait for Redear Sunfish in Minnesota?

Live bait is most effective, particularly small worms, red wigglers, nightcrawlers, crickets, grass shrimp, and small crayfish presented on small hooks.

When is the best time to fish for Redear Sunfish in Minnesota?

Late spring through early fall when water temperatures are in the mid-70°F range. In Minnesota's cooler climate, they become less active when water temperatures drop below 45°F, making late spring through early fall the prime fishing window.

How do you catch Redear Sunfish in Minnesota?

Present baits on or near the bottom using techniques like still fishing with slip bobbers set to keep bait just off bottom, or vertical jigging in deeper water over shell beds and rocky areas. Fish slowly and methodically, as they're less aggressive than bluegill but provide stronger fights on light tackle.

What do Redear Sunfish eat?

Redear sunfish are specialized molluscivores with pharyngeal teeth that allow them to crush shells, feeding primarily on snails, mussels, small clams, and other hard-shelled invertebrates.

Where do Redear Sunfish live in Minnesota?

These fish prefer warm, calm waters at least 2 meters deep with abundant vegetation, typically found in ponds, lakes, river backwaters, and reservoirs with sandy or muddy bottoms near cover like stumps, logs, and aquatic plants.

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