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Burbot

Burbot

The Burbot (Lota lota) is the only freshwater member of the cod family and one of Massachusetts' most unique native fish species.

This cod look-alike is native only to the Connecticut, Merrimack, and Housatonic watersheds in Massachusetts and is currently listed as a species of special concern due to loss of suitable coldwater habitat.

Scientific Name: Lota lota

Physical Characteristics:
  • Burbot have a distinctive serpentine, eel-like body that's mottled in black with bright yellow coloring, featuring two dorsal fins (the second much longer), a single chin barbel, and microscopic scales that give them a slimy feel.
  • They typically grow 12-24 inches but can exceed 30 inches, with females generally larger than males.

What to know

Habitat Distribution

  • These coldwater specialists inhabit deep, cool lakes and medium to large rivers with varied substrates including cobble, mud, sand, rubble, boulder, silt, and gravel.

Key Locations

  • Connecticut, Merrimack, and Housatonic watersheds.

Specific Spots

  • Focus on deep, cool sections of the Connecticut, Merrimack, and Housatonic watersheds, particularly areas with rocky structure, deep pools with cover like boulders and large woody debris.
  • They are primarily nocturnal predators that shelter during the day among rock slabs, large debris, and tunnels.

Burbot FAQ

Answers from onWater's species guide.

What are the best lures and bait for Burbot in Massachusetts?

Cut bait from trout, perch, or suckers, as well as live minnows, crayfish, and aquatic insects. Various artificials including jigs (especially glow varieties), heavy jigging spoons, soft plastics, bucktails, and spoons. Phosphorescent lures work particularly well given their nocturnal feeding habits.

When is the best time to fish for Burbot in Massachusetts?

Winter being prime time as they become more active before spawning (avoid fishing during December-April spawning period). Success improves in late fall and early winter when water temperatures drop and burbot move into shallower areas to feed before spawning season begins.

How do you catch Burbot in Massachusetts?

Present baits and lures on or near the bottom using aggressive jigging motions to create noise and sediment disturbance, then pause to let the bait settle. Bottom fishing with weighted cut bait is also effective. Charge glow lures every 15-20 minutes to maintain effectiveness.

What do Burbot eat?

Young burbot feed on aquatic insects, crayfish, and mollusks, while large adults primarily eat fish but also consume various aquatic invertebrates. Burbot are opportunistic feeders.

Where do Burbot live in Massachusetts?

These coldwater specialists inhabit deep, cool lakes and medium to large rivers with varied substrates including cobble, mud, sand, rubble, boulder, silt, and gravel.

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