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Longear Sunfish

Longear Sunfish

Longear Sunfish are native to Maryland's freshwater systems, though their presence in the state is complex due to recent taxonomic changes and genetic mixing with Northern Sunfish populations.

Scientific Name: Lepomis megalotis

Physical Characteristics:
  • Distinguished by their elongated opercular flap (ear flap), bright orange and blue coloration during breeding season, blue streaking across the upper lip, and typically 14 pectoral fin rays.

What to know

Habitat Distribution

  • They prefer clear, rocky or sandy-bottomed streams and rivers with permanent flow.
  • They're also found in lakes and ponds but are better adapted to moving water than still water compared to other sunfish.

Key Locations

  • Monocacy River, Potomac River tributaries, and other clear rocky-bottomed waters throughout the Mid-Atlantic Basin watersheds.
  • The Maryland Biological Stream Survey documented their presence across various watersheds from 1995-2019, with confirmed populations in areas including the Potomac River system, Monocacy River, and other Mid-Atlantic Basin waters.

Specific Spots

  • Shallow areas with aquatic vegetation and structure like fallen trees, root wads, and bridge pilings.

Longear Sunfish FAQ

Answers from onWater's species guide.

What are the best lures and bait for Longear Sunfish in Maryland?

Micro jigs from 1/100th to 1/64 ounce on size 10-12 hooks, small trout magnets with worm pieces, tiny crankbaits, and small spinners.

What flies work for Longear Sunfish in Maryland?

Small patterns work best due to their relatively small mouths - try size 10-12 hooks with foam ants, micro poppers, small woolly buggers, Pat's rubber legs nymphs, pheasant tail nymphs, and midge patterns.

When is the best time to fish for Longear Sunfish in Maryland?

Mid-spring through early fall, with peak action during summer months when they're most active in shallow water. April through September offers the best fishing opportunities, though avoid late spring/early summer spawning periods when males are guarding nests.

How do you catch Longear Sunfish in Maryland?

Present flies with subtle movement - just enough to make rubber legs wiggle rather than aggressive action. Fish near the surface and just subsurface during warmer months, switching to deeper, slower presentations with smaller offerings when water temperatures drop below 70°F. Dapping near structure with micro jigs.

What do Longear Sunfish eat?

Opportunistic benthopelagic feeders, eating aquatic insects (especially midgeflies), microcrustaceans, terrestrial insects, small fish, fish e.g.gs, detritus, and invertebrates like snails and leeches. They feed nearer to the surface than other sunfish and are active during daylight hours.

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