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Brown Trout

Brown Trout

Brown Trout are non-native to Maryland, originally introduced from Germany in the 1880s. They have since established naturally reproducing populations in approximately 80 streams across the state.

Brown trout are considered the most intelligent and challenging trout species to catch in Maryland, known for their wariness and selectivity.

Scientific Name: Salmo trutta

Physical Characteristics:
  • They typically average 12-14 inches in Maryland waters, though they grow larger than other trout species and can live longer (average 8 years).
  • The Maryland state record is an impressive 18 pounds 3 ounces, caught in 2001 from the North Branch Potomac River.
  • Brown trout are distinguished by their olive-green to brown backs, yellowish sides, and cream-colored bellies, with black spots surrounded by light halos on their bodies and dorsal fins.
  • Unlike other trout, they lack dark spots on their tail fins.

What to know

Habitat Distribution

  • They are more tolerant of warm water and high turbidity than brook or rainbow trout, giving them competitive advantages.

Key Locations

  • Prime brown trout waters in Maryland include the Gunpowder River watershed (Bee Tree Run, Little Falls, Western Run, and mainstem between Prettyboy and Loch Raven Reservoirs), Jones Falls in Baltimore County, Big Hunting Creek in Frederick County, and the Savage River system in Garrett County.
  • Prime locations include the Gunpowder Falls (especially the Masemore section), Big Hunting Creek in Cunningham Falls State Park, Savage River tailwaters below the dam, North Branch Potomac River near Barnum and below Jennings Randolph Reservoir, and various catch-and-release sections throughout the state.

Brown Trout FAQ

Answers from onWater's species guide.

What flies work for Brown Trout in Maryland?

Proven patterns include Elk Hair Caddis (sizes 12-16) which imitates multiple insects, Blue Winged Olives (BWOs) in sizes 18-22 during winter hatches, Chernobyl Ants (sizes 8-12) for terrestrial fishing, and various hopper patterns during summer and fall.

When is the best time to fish for Brown Trout in Maryland?

The best times to fish for brown trout in Maryland are during spring (April-June) and fall (September-November) when water temperatures are optimal between 50-65°F. Avoid fishing during their spawning period from late October through November.

How do you catch Brown Trout in Maryland?

Brown trout are notorious surface feeders and can be extremely selective, often able to distinguish between natural insects and artificial imitations.

What do Brown Trout eat?

Brown trout are opportunistic predators with juvenile fish feeding primarily on aquatic insects like mayfly and caddisfly nymphs, while adults become increasingly piscivorous, eating fish, worms, crayfish, mollusks, salamanders, frogs, and even small birds and mice. They prefer to feed at dusk or night.

Where do Brown Trout live in Maryland?

They are more tolerant of warm water and high turbidity than brook or rainbow trout, giving them competitive advantages.

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