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American Shad

American Shad

American Shad is the official fish of the District of Columbia and a native anadromous species that spends most of its life in the Atlantic Ocean before returning to freshwater to spawn.

These large members of the herring family are considered restored by the Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Commission.

Scientific Name: Alosa sapidissima

Physical Characteristics:
  • Average 2 feet in length and 2-5 pounds, with distinctive silvery sides, light olive to bluish backs, and a characteristic horizontal row of four to six dark spots behind the shoulder.

What to know

Habitat Distribution

  • They inhabit coastal waters but move annually into the Potomac River and other DC freshwater systems.

Key Locations

  • Fletcher's Cove on the Potomac River is the premier DC shad fishing destination, located approximately 3 miles up Canal Road NW from the Key Bridge intersection.
  • The Occoquan River near the historic town and the Rappahannock River at Falmouth provide additional DC-area opportunities.

Specific Spots

  • Target deep pools, current seams, and areas below obstacles where shad stack up.

American Shad FAQ

Answers from onWater's species guide.

What are the best lures and bait for American Shad in District Of Columbia?

Effective lures include small shad darts in chartreuse, hot pink, red/white, and yellow, along with 1/32-ounce jig heads with 1.5-2 inch curly tailed grubs in white, chartreuse, and pink. Small flutter spoons and Dick Nites also produce well.

What flies work for American Shad in District Of Columbia?

Bright streamers, Clouser minnows, small buggers in size 8, and Mickey Finn patterns in chartreuse & red, white & pink, orange & silver combinations.

When is the best time to fish for American Shad in District Of Columbia?

The prime shad fishing season in the DC area runs from late February through May, with peak activity occurring during mid to late April and early May.

How do you catch American Shad in District Of Columbia?

Present lures near bottom with downstream swings and periodic jigging motions every 3-5 seconds.

What do American Shad eat?

In the ocean, American shad primarily feed on plankton but also consume crustaceans, small fish, and fish e.g.gs - their diet changes during freshwater migration.

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