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Gila Trout

Gila Trout

Gila Trout are one of Arizona's two native trout species, historically found in the San Francisco, Verde, Gila, and Agua Fria River drainages. By the 1950s, none remained in Arizona due to habitat degradation and hybridization with non-native Rainbow Trout.

Thanks to recovery efforts by Arizona Game and Fish Department, U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and partners, Gila Trout now inhabit seven recovery streams in Arizona - the most since the early 1900s.

Scientific Name: Oncorhynchus gilae

Physical Characteristics:
  • They're distinguished by their yellowish-brown, gold, or copper coloration with profuse black spotting and can grow to 17-18 inches.

What to know

Habitat Distribution

  • These trout inhabit perennial montane streams between 1,660-2,800 meters elevation in coniferous and mixed woodland forests.

Key Locations

  • Dude Creek (Lower Verde) and Chase Creek (Lower Verde) are currently open for angling.
  • The West Fork of Oak Creek between Call of the Canyon Crossing and Junipine Crossing has also been stocked and opened under special regulations.
  • Current Arizona populations exist in the San Francisco, Middle Gila, Agua Fria, Lower Verde, and Blue River watersheds.

Specific Spots

  • Target the deepest pools and areas with cover including undercut banks, boulder alcoves, large woody debris, and overhanging vegetation.

Gila Trout FAQ

Answers from onWater's species guide.

What flies work for Gila Trout in Arizona?

During late spring and summer, dry flies are effective including Elk Hair Caddis, X-caddis (sizes 14-18), Stimulator (sizes 10-14), and Chubby Chernobyl (sizes 8-12). Terrestrial patterns like grasshoppers and ants work well in warmer months.

When is the best time to fish for Gila Trout in Arizona?

Best fishing occurs during late spring and early fall when temperatures are mild and waters are full of life, avoiding the April-June spawning period.

How do you catch Gila Trout in Arizona?

Practice proper catch-and-release techniques as populations are still recovering and fish must be released immediately unharmed. These trout are opportunistic feeders and will respond to droppers paired with dry flies.

Where do Gila Trout live in Arizona?

These trout inhabit perennial montane streams between 1,660-2,800 meters elevation in coniferous and mixed woodland forests.

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