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Bigmouth Buffalo

Bigmouth Buffalo

The Bigmouth Buffalo is the largest member of the sucker family in Alabama, reaching 24-35 inches and growing significantly larger than other regional suckers.

This remarkable species is one of North America's longest-lived freshwater fish, capable of living over 100 years with recent discoveries showing some individuals exceeding 127 years old.

Scientific Name: Ictiobus cyprinellus

Physical Characteristics:

Unlike other buffalo species, Bigmouth Buffalo are unique filter-feeders with terminal mouths, using fine gill rakers to strain plankton from water.

What to know

Habitat Distribution

These fish inhabit large rivers and reservoirs, preferring deep water which makes them difficult to collect.

Key Locations

In Alabama, Bigmouth Buffalo were historically collected at 17 Tennessee River stations from 1936-1941, with additional collections in the lower Elk River. More recent surveys (1991-93) found them at seven stations, and they may eventually enter the upper Tombigbee River via the Tennessee-Tombigbee Waterway. A small population was introduced to Perry Lake in Perry County during federal fish hatchery studies, with some large individuals persisting as late as 1992.

Specific Spots

Target areas with current edges, drop-offs, overhanging trees and bushes, rock and boulder pockets, and protected embayments. Look for them near dam structures and merging currents.

Bigmouth Buffalo FAQ

Answers from onWater's species guide.

What are the best lures and bait for Bigmouth Buffalo in Alabama?

Bread or dough balls, cut bait, and minnows. Small jigs can work in murky water.

What flies work for Bigmouth Buffalo in Alabama?

Small nymphs, midge patterns, egg patterns, and small Woolly Buggers to imitate their planktonic diet. Try green marabou flies to mimic algae, and weighted nymphs when targeting tailing buffalo in shallow areas.

When is the best time to fish for Bigmouth Buffalo in Alabama?

The best seasons are late summer through fall when they're actively feeding to prepare for winter. Avoid fishing during spring spawning periods (April-June) when water temperatures reach 65-75°F.

How do you catch Bigmouth Buffalo in Alabama?

Drift fishing and still fishing are most effective for conventional tackle. Since 90% of their diet consists of small crustaceans, use scented baits rather than live bait.

What do Bigmouth Buffalo eat?

Their diet consists primarily of zooplankton (especially cladocerans and copepods), larval insects, benthic invertebrates, algae, organic material, and aquatic insect larvae.

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