Rio Seridó flows through the heart of the Seridó/Borborema region in southern Rio Grande do Norte State, northeastern Brazil — a landscape defined by the rugged Caatinga biome, semi-arid climate, and dramatic seasonal hydrology. The river is a tributary of the Piranhas-Açu basin, draining a watershed that spans elevations ranging from roughly 100 to 800 meters above sea level. The region experiences an average annual temperature of approximately 30.7°C, with annual rainfall averaging around 600 mm, heavily concentrated between January and April. This pronounced wet-dry cycle shapes nearly every aspect of the river's character, from water levels and clarity to fish behavior and feeding activity. Several reservoirs have been constructed along the Seridó River Basin, including the Caldeirão de Parelhas Reservoir (completed 1967, upstream), the Mulungu Reservoir near Currais Novos (completed 1980), and the Esguicho Reservoir near Ouro Branco (completed 2001, downstream), each serving purposes that include fishing and recreational activities alongside water supply and agriculture. The surrounding watershed is dominated by open shrub and shrub-tree Caatinga vegetation, with exposed soils and anthropized agricultural areas particularly evident near the reservoirs.