The Rio Itapicuru is a significant river system flowing through the state of Bahia in northeastern Brazil, draining a basin that stretches across the semi-arid interior before reaching the Atlantic coast. The river's watershed is largely influenced by the Drought Polygon — a climatically stressed region where rainfall is highly seasonal and irregular — giving the Itapicuru a strongly seasonal hydrological character. The river ultimately empties into the Atlantic through an estuary near the municipality of Conde, where the fishing villages of Siribinha and Poças have sustained artisanal fishing communities for generations. This estuary zone blends freshwater and marine influences, creating a rich and diverse fishery that has supported local livelihoods shaped by Indigenous, Portuguese, and African cultural traditions. From the semi-arid interior reaches to the productive coastal estuary, the Rio Itapicuru offers a range of fishing environments and target species that reflect the ecological diversity of northeastern Brazil.