The Río Cuarto, also known as the Chocancharava or Chocancharaua, is a significant river flowing through the south-central region of Córdoba Province in Argentina. Originating on the eastern slopes of the Sierra de Comechingones — a range within the broader Sierras de Córdoba — the river is formed by the confluence of several streams, most notably the Piedras Blancas and Las Cañitas (also called de la Invernada). From its mountain headwaters, the river travels approximately 400 kilometers before ultimately joining the Río Saladillo, and its waters eventually contribute to the Río Carcarañá, a notable tributary of the Río Paraná. The name "Chocancharava" is of Comechingón indigenous origin, recognizable by its characteristic "-charava" suffix, and was formally recovered and restored to use in the late 20th century. The river's colonial name, Río Cuarto, is ordinal in nature, reflecting the sequence in which Spanish explorers encountered Córdoba's major rivers during the 16th century, beginning from the city of Córdoba where the Río Primero (Suquía) flows.